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Light rail or light rail transit (LRT) is a form of tram system that generally uses electric rail cars on private rights-of-way or sometimes in streets. While the term is generally used for systems with modern light rail vehicles, it can be applied to any tram system. Light rail is a step below rapid transit, which is fully grade-separated.

Light rail traces its pedigree to horse-drawn street railways, whereas rapid transit technology evolved from steam-powered commuter operations, such as were seen in London, New York City, and Chicago.

LRVs are distinguished from rapid rail transit (RRT) vehicles by their capability for operation in mixed traffic, generally resulting in a narrower car body and articulation in order to operate in a traffic street environment. Due to their large size, large turning radius, and often an electrified third rail, RRT vehicles cannot operate in the street. Since LRT systems can operate using existing streets, they often can avoid the cost of expensive subway and elevated segments that would be required with RRT.


Streetcars or trams

Conversely, LRVs generally outperform streetcars in terms of capacity and top end speed, and almost all modern LRVs are capable of multiple-unit operation. Particularly on exclusive rights-of-way, LRVs can provide much higher speeds and passenger volumes than a streetcar. Thus a streetcar capable of only 70 km/h (45 mph) operating on an exclusive right of way cannot be considered as “light rail”. The latest generation of LRVs is significantly larger and faster, typically of length of 25 m (80 ft with maximum speeds of 100 to 110 km/h (60 to 70 mph).
 

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